Introduction: One of the major problems in endodontic treatment is identifying and maintaining the biological length of the root canal system. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the effect of working length determination using radiovisiography (RVG) and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) measurements using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular teeth were taken and three groups of 10 each were made. Teeth with previous endodontic treatments, metal restorations, resorptions, incomplete apex formations, and multiple visible foramina were excluded. The root canal length was determined using RVG, CBCT measurement method 2D, and CBCT measurement method 3D. The difference between CBCT measurements, RVG, and the actual canal length were compared to evaluate the accuracy of each method. Results: It was observed that no significant statistically difference was seen with 3D measurements and actual measurements. Measurements with RVG were better than those with CBCT 2D. Conclusion: Our study shows that CBCT 3D measurements are accurate when compared with RVG and CBCT 2D in the determination of root canal length.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cutting efficiency using two rotary nickel–titanium file systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two resin endo training blocks (ETBs) were divided into two groups (16 for each group). Two groups of resin blocks were instrumented using two continuous rotary nickel–titanium instruments (NeoEndo Flexfile and Blueflex Acerfile). The cutting efficiencies of instruments were quotients of the loss weights of specimens, and the time needed for instrumentation. Results: Cutting efficiency of NeoEndo Flexfile was greater than that of Blueflex Acerfile on both resin root canals (P < 0.05). Conclusion: NeoEndo Flexfile instrument was more efficient than Blueflex Acerfile on root canals.

Background: In recent years, micro-screws have been widely used to reinforce anchorage during orthodontic therapy. Although micro-screws are now widely used clinically, biomechanical and histological research about the influence of loading protocols on the long-term stability of micro-screws is still confusing and limited. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the length of orthodontic mini-screw implant on their long-term stability. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the present study. Calculation of optical bone density was done in all the cases. Each patient received both the 6- and 8-mm long temporary intraoral skeletal anchorage devices (TISAD/TAD), in randomly selected mandibular quadrants (left or right). Loading of the TISAD/TAD was done with forces parallel to the occlusal plane by using NiTi springs. Results: It was observed that in Group 1 patients with 8 mm TISAD length, stability was seen in 80% of the cases, while failure occurred in 20% of the cases. In the Group 2 patients with 6 mm TISAD length, stability was seen in 70% of the cases, while failure occurred in 30% of the cases. Conclusion: In comparison to the 6 mm mini-screws, the stability of 8 mm orthodontic mini-screw implants is higher.

Background: Calcified canals present a challenge during endodontic treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and efficiency of a dynamic navigation system (DNS) to the freehand (FH) method for locating calcified canals in human teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty human single-rooted teeth with canal obliteration were selected and mounted on dry cadaver jaws. Based on cone-beam computed tomographic scans of the jaws, the drilling path and depth were virtually planned to use X-Guide software. The time for locating the canal, the number of mishaps, and the unsuccessful attempts were determined and analyzed. Results: The mean linear and angular deviations, reduced dentin thickness (at both levels), the time for access cavity preparation, and the number of mishaps in the DNS group were significantly less than those in the FH group (P ≤ 0.05). The time for access preparation was significantly shorter for the board-certified endodontist in the FH group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The DNS was more accurate and more efficient than the FH technique in locating calcified canals in human teeth. This novel DNS can help clinicians avoid catastrophic mishaps during access preparation in calcified teeth.

Introduction: It is alarming as to how students have qualms in opting for Public Health Dentistry as their first choice for their postgraduation course, even though it lays the foundation for the awareness and prevention about the social aspects of the profession. The aim of the present study was to determine the career motivations and perceptions of dental students toward Public Health Dentistry as a career option among final-year dental students and interns of dental colleges of Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among five randomly selected private dental colleges in Rajasthan. A close-ended, multiple-choice, structured questionnaire was distributed through email to selected study samples during the months of February and March 2020. The data thus collected were statistically analyzed. The statistical analysis used in this study was descriptive and inferential. The inferential analysis used in this study was a chi-square test to find out the association of age and gender with knowledge, attitude, and practice questions and results were obtained. Results: A total of 390 students responded to the questionnaire. Among them 70.3% were females and 29.7% were males. Only 36% of students agreed to choosing Public Health Dentistry as a career option. Conclusion: Students’ perception revealed that they were not very aware of the future prospects of the subject they had chosen. Further efforts should be made by the dental council and the dental colleges to develop this specialty, keeping in mind the increasing attitudes and interests of dental undergraduates toward it.

Background: Proclined teeth has been one of the main reasons for compromised esthetics. In a patient with proclined anteriors, retraction is performed after first premolar extraction. Absolute/maximum anchorage is required to achieve the best esthetics. Aims and Objectives: We conducted this study with the aim of retracting the proclined maxillary anterior teeth and to check for efficient retraction, type of tooth movement during retraction, and amount of anchorage loss. Materials and Methods: Patients with proclined anterior teeth where therapeutic extraction of first premolars is required were included in the study, where anchorage was taken with mini-implants in one group, and in the second group, conventional anchorage method of first and second molar banding with transpalatal arch was chosen. Each group consisted of 25 subjects. Lateral cephalogram was taken both pre-retraction and 6 months after starting retraction to compare anchor loss, rate of retraction, and type of tooth movement of retracted anteriors in both groups. Results: The retraction in the implant group was more than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anchorage loss was seen to be greater in conventional group than in the implant group and was found to be statistically significant as well. The type of tooth movement of the anterior teeth on retraction was also compared, with the implant group showing predominantly controlled tipping and the conventional group showing uncontrolled tipping movement.

Gorlin–Goltz syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused due to mutation in the PTCH (patched gene) located in the arm of the ninth chromosome. The disease is characterized by increased incidence for nevoid basal cell carcinoma and other multi-organ disorders including multiple odontogenic keratocysts. Early diagnosis and stringent follow-up are necessary for preventing untoward consequences of the disease. This case report emphasizes on the necessity of adhering to proposed criteria and need for thorough investigation to rule out central nervous system lesions in the patients.